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	<id>https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Grammar%3ATutorial%2FAlphabet</id>
	<title>Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Grammar%3ATutorial%2FAlphabet"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?title=Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-19T15:06:28Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?title=Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet&amp;diff=23369&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Victor Porton at 20:11, 22 October 2011</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?title=Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet&amp;diff=23369&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-10-22T20:11:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:11, 22 October 2011&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Here is the list of the Hebrew letters. For the letters which have a different form at the end of a word, that form (so called “sophit”) is shown to the left of the main form of the letter.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Here is the list of the Hebrew letters. For the letters which have a different form at the end of a word, that form (so called “sophit”) is shown to the left of the main form of the letter.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;border&lt;/del&gt;=&quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border-width: 1px&lt;/del&gt;&quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;class&lt;/ins&gt;=&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;grammar&lt;/ins&gt;&quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;!Name of the letter || Letter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;!Name of the letter || Letter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Victor Porton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?title=Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet&amp;diff=23355&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Victor Porton at 15:36, 22 October 2011</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?title=Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet&amp;diff=23355&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-10-22T15:36:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:36, 22 October 2011&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Navigate|Book=Grammar:Tutorial|Prev=Preface|Curr=Alphabet|Next=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Noun &lt;/del&gt;and gender}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Navigate|Book=Grammar:Tutorial|Prev=Preface|Curr=Alphabet|Next=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nouns &lt;/ins&gt;and gender}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hebrew texts are read from right to left (reverse to English texts).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hebrew texts are read from right to left (reverse to English texts).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Victor Porton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?title=Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet&amp;diff=23353&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Victor Porton: Created page with &quot;{{Navigate|Book=Grammar:Tutorial|Prev=Preface|Curr=Alphabet|Next=Noun and gender}}  Hebrew texts are read from right to left (reverse to English texts).  Hebrew alphabet consists...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://withoutvowels.org/w/index.php?title=Grammar:Tutorial/Alphabet&amp;diff=23353&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-10-22T15:15:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{{Navigate|Book=Grammar:Tutorial|Prev=Preface|Curr=Alphabet|Next=Noun and gender}}  Hebrew texts are read from right to left (reverse to English texts).  Hebrew alphabet consists...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Navigate|Book=Grammar:Tutorial|Prev=Preface|Curr=Alphabet|Next=Noun and gender}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hebrew texts are read from right to left (reverse to English texts).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 letters, five of which use different forms at the end of a word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is the list of the Hebrew letters. For the letters which have a different form at the end of a word, that form (so called “sophit”) is shown to the left of the main form of the letter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;border-collapse: collapse; border-width: 1px&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Name of the letter || Letter&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Aleph||א&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bet||ב&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Gimel||ג&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Dalet||ד&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|He||ה&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Vav||ו&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Zayn||ז&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Het||ח&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Tet||ט&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Yod||י&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Kaf||כ ך&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Lamed||ל&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Mem||מ ם&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Nun||נ ן&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Samekh||ס&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Ayin||ע&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Pe||פ ף&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Tsadi||צ ץ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Qof||ק&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Resh||ר&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Shin||ש&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Tav||ת&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are no distinction of lower case and upper case letters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Letters ה and י are often added to words or omitted in words, dependently on the manner of a scribe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most words have a three-letter root. But some words have roots of a different number of letters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We will denote words having a letter X at the place N (N=1, 2, or 3) in the root as N-X.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Victor Porton</name></author>
	</entry>
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